Schizophrenia affects millions worldwide, impacting personal, social, and occupational functioning. Researchers at Semmelweis University, Budapest, have harnessed the power of Virtual Reality (VR) to aid in the rehabilitation process of schizophrenia patients.
The VR-ToMIS therapy (Virtual-Reality based Theory of Mind Intervention in Schizophrenia) targets enhancing Theory of Mind skills, a vital aspect of human cognition and social interaction.
Understanding Theory of Mind and its Importance: Theory of Mind is the ability to interpret others’ feelings, thoughts, and desires accurately, a skill that schizophrenic patients often struggle with, leading to difficulties in understanding irony, metaphors, and gestures.
The VR-ToMIS Therapy Method: Developed using vTime’s software, the VR-ToMIS therapy comprises nine sessions, including an introductory session to familiarize patients with the technology and Theory of Mind concepts, followed by eight 50-minute-long intervention sessions.
Immersive VR Scenarios:
In the intervention sessions, patients wear VR glasses and interact with avatars controlled by therapists in everyday situations such as a walk on the beach, a blind date, moving in with a roommate, or meeting a new colleague. Therapists utilize linguistic tools like metaphors, irony, humor, and double-meaning sentences to uncover and address mentalization deficits during these interactions.
Second Interactive Exercise with Temporal Disc Controller:
After the initial simulation, patients participate in another interactive exercise involving a 3D face displayed on a screen. Using a temporal disc controller, patients infer the emotions displayed by the face through mouse movements, enabling them to express emotions even if they lack the vocabulary to do so due to their illness.
Analytical Discussion and Modified Behavioral Techniques:
Following the simulations, therapists engage in analytical discussions with patients, identifying necessary changes in behavior to adapt to various scenarios. Patients are encouraged to repeat the simulations, witnessing how changes in behavior affect their emotions and thoughts about the situations.
Promising Results and Positive Patient Feedback:
The testing phase involving 43 patients concluded in 2022, showing significant improvements in cognitive and negative symptoms, including social cognitive deficits, Theory of Mind, emotional bluntness, and apathy. Patient compliance was outstanding, with no dropouts reported, attributing the therapy’s success to the combination of VR’s motivational effect and therapists’ empathetic approach.
Future Plans and International Recognition:
Semmelweis University has obtained a Hungarian industrial trademark for VR-ToMIS and plans to secure international recognition. The next step involves training professionals in Hungary to administer this groundbreaking therapy and revolutionize schizophrenia rehabilitation worldwide.